As we observed countdown 2000 did you notice the resurgence of the supernatural in everyday life? Consider the following:
As the Soviet Union became embroiled with internal dissention with
glasnost triggering nationalist sentiments and critical reflections
on the past, curious reports trickled in from Voronezh of four-meter- tall
aliens with small heads landing in the city's park. In 1952, in the midst
of McCarthyism, numerous UFOs were reported (and photographed) over the
White House. Might there be some connection between a country being in
the midst of moral upheaval, suffering crises of legitimation, and such
sightings?
Click here to see the numbers of UFO stories reported in the New York Times and in the Reader's Periodical Guide between 1947 and 1988. (Thanks to Dawn Teel for this inventorying. Through 1958 the index category was "flying saucer," after which it became "UFO.") Evident are a high correspondence between these two sources and a longitudinal pattern far from being uniform, with peaks in the early 1950s, mid 1960s and late 1970s.
At the risk of running into some historicist error, at least the first two of these peaks correspond to acknowledged times of moral uncertainty in the United States, the post-war period of McCarthyism and the time of dramatically increasing U.S. involvement in Vietnam. The late-1970s peak is less clear.
Another hypothesis is that these times of moral uncertainty correspond with periods of heightened Cold War tensions. The damper in 1997 for UFO enthusiasts celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the much-hyped Roswell crash was the declassification and release of the "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90". Your government at work: fan the beliefs in extraterrestrials to cover-up the existence of new secret spy craft. To see what the government might really be up to, check out the Black Vault archives, which include UFO files (over 4000 pages) released under the Freedom of Information Act.
Sir James George Frazer (Man, God, and Immortality: Thoughts on Human
Progress, Cambridge: Trinity College Press, 1968) argued that the belief in the existence
of apparitions of deceased persons are but manifestations of humanity's belief in the
immortality of the human soul. This belief has, he wrote, "led race after race, generation after
generation, to sacrifice the real wants of the living to the imaginary wants of the dead"
(1968:380). Interestingly, as Americans' belief in an afterlife
have increased over the past two decades (from 77 to 82 percent, according to the
NORC General Social Surveys), the ghost theme seems to have become an increasingly
popular movie genre, evidenced by such films as "High Spirits," "Field of Dreams," "All
Dogs Go to Heaven," "Always," "Ghost," and "Ghost Dad." Instead of the living sacrificing
for the needs of the dead, in these we find ghosts generally coming to the aid of their loved
ones.
Before making any assumptions of truth to the stories and accounts that you read above, be sure to check out Robert T. Carroll's "The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Guide for the New Millennium".
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