Global Cross-Border Networked Education in the
21st Century
Bob Jensen at Trinity University
Homepage: http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen
Links to Bob
Jensen's Workshop Documents on Education and Learning
Going Online --- Click Here |
|
Bob Jensen's Bookmarks |
Detail Files
|
The Shocking
Future of Education
(Including Open-Share Course Materials From Prestigious Universities)
|
First File
Second
File
|
Shared Open Courseware (OCW) from Around the World: OKI, MIT, Rice, Berkeley, Yale, and
Other Sharing Universities
|
Detail File |
E-Learning and Distance
Education's Top
(Award-Winning) Illustrations
|
Detail
File
|
Threads on Cross-Border (Transnational Training and Education
(Includes
helpers for finding online training and education courses, certificate
programs, and degree Programs) |
Detail
File |
Alternatives and Tricks/Tools of the Trade
(Including
Edutainment and Learning Games)
(Includes aids for the handicapped, disabled, and
learning challenged)
|
First
File
Second
File
|
The Dark
Side of the 21st Century: Concerns About Technologies in Education |
Detail
File
|
Assessment
Issues, Case Studies, and Research
|
Detail
File |
History
and Future of Course Authoring Technologies
|
Detail
File |
Bob
Jensen's Neglected Threads on Classroom Design
|
Detail File |
Knowledge
Portals and Vortals (not updated for a long time)
|
Detail
File |
Bob Jensen's Advice to New
Faculty (and Resources)
|
Detail
File |
Threads
of Online Program Costs and Faculty Compensation
(not updated)
|
Detail
File |
Bob Jensen's threads on blogs and listservs
are at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/ListservRoles.htm
|
Detail File |
Jensen and Sandlin Book entitled Electronic
Teaching and Learning: Trends in Adapting to Hypertext, Hypermedia, and
Networks in Higher Education
(both the 1994 and 1997 Updated Versions)
|
Old
Book |
Some
Earlier Papers
|
|
Additional
Links and Threads |
Threads |
Going Online in a Hurry: What to Do and Where to
Start ---
https://www.chronicle.com/article/Going-Online-in-a-Hurry-What/248207?utm_source=wb&utm_medium=en&utm_source=Iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=campaign_1081819&cid=wb&source=ams&sourceId=296279
The coronavirus has colleges and universities
swinging into action
to move courses online. In the coming weeks, we’ll find out
just how prepared (or not) academe is to do this on a large
scale. Those of us in online teaching and educational
technology have moved quickly to help, too, and it’s
astonishing how many helpful resources have already been
pulled together.
Even just a few weeks into the crisis, and really only a few
days since class cancellations started to become a reality,
there are top-quality guides free for the taking, created by
people who really know their stuff. I will make no claim to
have read all or even a fraction of them, but there are
several that are clearly share-worthy:
-
A
detailed Google doc,
written by
Jenae Cohn and
Beth Seltzer —
both academic-tech specialists at Stanford University —
is geared for Stanford, but there’s a lot there that
anyone can use. Their guide is particularly noteworthy
for how it breaks down the synchronous-asynchronous
distinction, explaining advantages and disadvantages of
each and offering guidance about how to use
Zoom for virtual
meetings.
-
Derek Bruff,
director of the
Center for Teaching at Vanderbilt University, has
pulled together a lot of
useful ed-tech advice under the heading of
"just-in-time online teaching." Read
this page, in
particular, for step-by-step instructions on key aspects
of going online fast (the advice is geared toward the
Brightspace learning-management system, in particular,
but is general enough to apply to other platforms, too).
Continued in Article
Bob Jensen's long-time threads on asynchronous
learning ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/255wp.htm
Bob Jensen's threads on Tools and Tricks of the
Trade ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/thetools.htm
Bob Jensen's threads on education technology and learning theory
---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/0000start.htm
Bob Jensen's threads on listservs, blogs, and social networking ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/ListservRoles.htmBob
Jensen's Threads on Shared Open Courseware (OCW) from Around the World: OKI,
MIT, Rice, Berkeley, Yale, and
Other Sharing Universities (OKI. MOOCs, SMOCs, etc.)---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/updateee.htm#OKI
Bob Jensen's threads on Higher
Education Controversies ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/HigherEdControversies.htm
Bob Jensen's Home Page ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/
Click
here to search this Website if you have key words to enter --- Search Site.
For example if you want to know what Jensen documents have the term
"Enron" enter the phrase Jensen AND Enron. Another search engine that
covers Trinity and other universities is at http://www.searchedu.com/.
The term "electroThenic portfolio," or "ePortfolio,"
is on everyone's lips. What does this mean?
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/assess.htm#ElectronicPortfolio
When you want to search for an education phrase, go to
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/searchh.htm#education
The near-monopoly of course management
systems since 1994 has been Blackboard (Bb) since Bb was allowed by the
Government to buy out its WebCT arch competitor ---
http://www.blackboard.com/us/index.Bb
Question
What's next in course management since Blackboard is taking aim at its own foot?
Updates on Moodle ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/290wp/290wp.htm#Moodle
Updates on Sloodle and Second Life (virtual world learning) ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/thetools.htm#SecondLife
Bob Jensen's Blogs ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/JensenBlogs.htm
Current and past editions
of my newsletter called New Bookmarks ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/bookurl.htm
Current and past editions of my newsletter called
Tidbits ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/TidbitsDirectory.htm
Current and past editions of my newsletter called Fraud
Updates ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/FraudUpdates.htm
Bob Jensen's past presentations and lectures
---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/resume.htm#Presentations
Create your own Web applications with ease using this free Zoho Creater
software
August 7, 2006 message from Richard Campbell
[campbell@RIO.EDU]
"This free Web-based software
handled the job -- but without the bells and whistles of Access that had baffled
Mr Hughes. And since the program stored his data on the Web, his colleagues
could tap into it easily with a browser. "To me it was like a godsend" says Mr.
Hughes, operations manager at SoluChem. "
Robert A. Guth, The Wall Street Journal Online ---
http://www.zohocreator.com/
Exclusive benefits of Zoho Creator
---
http://www.zohocreator.com/
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Import your spreadsheet to create web application automatically. |
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Browse public applications. See something you like? Copy and customize
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Create web application without coding. You don't need to have HTML or
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Embed Forms and Views easily into your
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Share your App
Share your app with other users or keep
it private among your friends, colleagues and clients. |
Zoho Creator helps you to easily create personal
and business web applications on your own by structuring and presenting your
data in a lot of interesting and useful ways. You can view the data as a
table, calendar or just as a summary. In addition to just viewing your data
in many ways, you might also want to perform one or more of the following:
-
Perform an action when a row
is added successfully or detect when someone adds a row to a form. For
example, you might want to receive email notifications as and when a row
is added.
Learn more
-
Perform an action when a row
is updated. For example, in the case of a bug tracker, you might want to
receive email notifications whenever the status of the issue gets
modified.
Learn more
-
Validate the form data before
persisting it.
-
Add a row only if it
satisfies a certain criteria and reject the other entries. For example,
in a recruitment application, accept only those applicants who have more
than two years of experience.
Learn more
-
Define formulas for
calculations. For example, assume a student database has marks obtained
by students in all the subjects and you want to display the total and
average marks also.
Learn more
-
Create complex filters in
views.
Learn more
With Zoho Creator, you don't have to write code
to build a simple data collection and viewing application like a Contacts
list. But, scripting will be indispensable for building a full fledged
application with complex logic, for example, Library Manager.
Jensen Comment
Although this is not course management software, it can be used for authoring
presentation lessons by instructors.
Bob Jensen's summaries of course authoring and course management software
are at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/290wp/290wp.htm
Free
Audio and Presentation Files of Three Days of Workshops on Education
Technologies ---
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/CPEshows/CPEmenu.htm
Bob Jensen's Recent CPE/CEP
Technology Workshops at the American Accounting Association Annual Meetings
During the past decade, I
have organized at least one all-day technology in education workshop at each of
the American Accounting Association annual meetings. In the early years,
these were not videotaped. The past three workshops were videotaped.
Both the presentation materials and the MP3 audio files of the various speakers
can be downloaded from the following links:
San Antonio on August 13,
2002
CPE/CEP Workshop Number 1 --- http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/002cpe/02start.htm
Free audio and presentation files of
the following speakers:
http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/002cpe/02start.htm
- Dennis Beresford, University of
Georgia
- Amy Dunbar, University of
Connecticut
- Nancy Keeshan, the Global MBA and
Cross-Continent MBA Programs of Duke University
- Susan Spencer, San Antonio College
- Bob Jensen, Trinity University
Atlanta on August 11, 2001
CPE/CEP Workshop Number 1 --- http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/001cpe/01start.htm
Free audio and presentation files of
the following speakers:
http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/001cpe/01start.htm
- Don Carter, Chartered Accountancy
(CA) School of Business
- Michael T. Kirschenheiter,
Columbia University
- Robert Walsh, Prentice-Hall and
Marist College
- A team of faculty from UNext
- Bob Jensen, Trinity University
Philadelphia on August 12, 2000
CPE/CEP Workshop Number 1 --- http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/000cpe/00start.htm
Free audio and presentation files of
the following speakers:
http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/000cpe/00start.htm
- Charles Hickman, AACSB and Quisic
(formerly University Access)
- Michael T. Kirschenheiter,
Columbia University
- Anthony H. Catanach, Villanova
University
- Dan N. Stone, University of
Illinois
- Bob Jensen, Trinity University
Definitions:
Distributed Education = Distance Education
Chris Dede,
Diana Oblinger, Carole Barone, Brian Hawkins and others make a distinction
between distance education (that can be synchronous and delivered much like
traditional classroom education) from distributed education (which is usually
asynchronous and delivered over the Internet). I don't find such a
distinction useful in the dawn of high definitional television (HDTV) that
will be interactive and further blur the distinction between distance and
distributed education. Furthermore, the terms are often used as synonyms
in the literature. See
"High-Definition Television Could Change Telecourses and Online
Learning," by Florence, Olsen, The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 5,
2001 --- http://chronicle.com/free/2001/07/2001070501u.htm
More important distinctions lie in the type of
interactive communications of a course
-
Students
-
Instructors
-
Mentors
-
Consultants
-
Librarians,
-
Learning Communities
Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALN)
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/255wp.htm
Synchronous Learning Networks (SLN)
-
Virtual Classrooms
-
Instant Replays
"Changing
the Interface of Education with Revolutionary Learning Technologies,"
by Nishikant Sonwalkar, Syllabus, November 2001, pp. 10-13 --- http://www.syllabus.com/syllabusmagazine/article.asp?id=5663
The paradigm shift in the pedagogical design of online education will
require much more in-depth study and analysis of existing methods and evolving
technologies. Clearly, education delivery is not simply information transfer.
There is much to learn, but we already know much about the potential of the
technology for multimodal delivery of learning material to a variety of online
learners.
The
Five Fundamental Learning Styles for Online Asynchronous Instruction |
Apprenticeship
A “building block” approach for presenting concepts in a
step-by-step procedural learning style. |
Incidental
Based on “events” that trigger the learning experience. Learners
begin with an event that introduces a concept and provokes questions. |
Inductive
Learners are first introduced to a concept or a target principle using
specific examples that pertain to a broader topic area. |
Deductive
Based on stimulating the discernment of trends through the
presentation of simulations, graphs, charts, or other data. |
Discovery
An inquiry method of learning in which students learn by doing,
testing the boundaries of their own knowledge. |
Bob Jensen's comments on how traditional classroom materials must be
modified for online use are given at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/thetools.htm
From Infobits on September 30, 2002
RECOMMENDED READING
"Recommended
Reading" lists items that have been recommended to me or that Infobits
readers have found particularly interesting and/or useful, including books,
articles, and websites published by Infobits subscribers. Send your
recommendations to carolyn_kotlas@unc.edu for possible inclusion in this
column.
Two free, electronic
newsletters devoted to distance learning issues came to my attention recently:
DESIEN [Distance
Education Systemwide Interactive Electronic
Newsletter]
http://www.uwex.edu/disted/desien/
Infobits subscriber
Rosemary Lehman <email: lehman@ics.uwex.edu> edits DESIEN. The
newsletter is published monthly by the University of Wisconsin-Extension <http://www1.uwex.edu/>.
Each issue offers original articles which emphasize distance education themes.
News, updates, conference information, and contributions by subscribers are
also regularly included. Subscription information is included on the DESIEN
homepage.
[Note: the August
2002 issue includes the article, "Electronic Content Accessible for
Distance Learners with Disabilities," by the CIT Infobits editor. The
article is available at http://www.uwex.edu/disted/desien/2002/0208/focus.htm]
---
SIDEBARS
http://online.bcit.ca/sidebars/index.htm
Infobits subscriber
Glenn Millar <email: Glenn_Millar@bcit.ca> co-edits SideBars. The
newsletter is published by the Learning Resources Unit of the British Columbia
Institute of Technology to provide "useful information and news items for
instructors, course developers, educational technologists and anyone else who
has an interest in distributed learning in its various manifestations."
Subscription
information: http://online.bcit.ca/sidebars/subcribe.html
Driving Factors for Corporate
Distance Education
The factors driving
the growth of the alternative education market in the US, and which are
likely to be relevant to Australia, are as follows:
• the globalised
economy, with a growing demand for standardised products,
services and technical infrastructure, and sophisticated communication
systems;
• the emergence of a post-industrial
information age and the explosive growth and distributed nature
of new knowledge;
• demands for greater
access to tertiary education fuelled by
rapid changes in the economy, the need to maintain and upgrade skills
for employment, and industry’s need for ‘work-ready’
graduates;
• growing reluctance
on the part of governments to fund increasing demand for higher
education.
Cunningham, et al. (2000)
The Business of Borderless Education (Australian Department of
Education, Evaluations and Investigations Programme of the Higher
Education Division, 2000). Hard Copy ISBN 0 642 44446 3 and Online Copy
ISBN 0 642 44447 1 --- http://www.detya.gov.au/archive/highered/eippubs/eip00_3/bbe.pdf
(pp. xii-xiii)
To this Bob Jensen adds the following:
• fear
among school administrators, faculty, government officials, and
librarians that if they fall behind in education technologies
they will fall behind in the learning curve, generate a luddite
reputation, lose revenues to other institutions, have outmoded
curricula, and give themselves, their institutions, and even their
nations a declining reputation. •
fear among school administrators, faculty,
government officials, and librarians that, if they fall behind
in education technologies, they will cling to expensive
labor-intensive systems that will not be cost-effective in times of
increasing faculty shortages and indirect costs (such as the inability
of instructors to afford housing in high cost living areas such as
Silicon Valley, Tokyo, Hawaii, Hong Kong, London, Paris, etc.) •
awareness that there are some enormous
advantages to online learning over onsite learning, including
the online ability to customize learning to individual aptitudes and
motivations (especially for young learners) and time constraints
(especially for adult learners). Online learning also has a
greater capacity to deal with language and cultural barriers.
Enormous Advantages
of Online Learning
Ease of
communicating with instructors, fellow students, mentors,
experts, and libraries. |
Email and
email attachments
Instant Messaging
Bulletin Boards
Chat Rooms
Teleconferencing
Webcams
Web documents |
Potential
intimacy and closer bonding when online |
Reduces
intimidation face-to-face encounters, physical presence
embarrassments, and group bullying.
Kentucky Virtual U. Adds Online
Tutoring
Kentucky Virtual University opened
registration for Spring 2002 with new online services,
including free online tutoring, Sunday call center hours and
an online writing center. Acting chief executive officer
Daniel Rabuzzi said the services "are designed to create
a high- touch environment for students plugged into class over
the Internet. Live tutors are now just a click away, and in
some subjects, are available 24 hours a day, seven days a
week." Students can schedule tutoring sessions in
subjects ranging from basic math to Calculus II, accounting,
chemistry, economics, Spanish and statistics. The tutoring
will remain free through mid- May 2002 and is available
through an arrangement with the University of Kentucky.
For more information, visit: http://www.kyvu.org |
Messaging
can be more well thought out and carefully crafted than
face-to-face or telephone conversations. |
Reminds me
of the repeated drafts that I sometimes craft before finally
sending out an intended letter or article. |
Students
can access electronic libraries and knowledge portals
containing text, graphics, audio, video, and animations. |
For
example, listen to the experts' audio files on FAS 133.
See the U.S. Supreme Court Multimedia Database --- http://oyez.nwu.edu/
Sometimes these
knowledge portals have interactive audio where users can speak
their requests into a telephone and receive audio or text
replies from an interactive database.
Audio Demos
at BeVocal.
|
Students
can access realistic and highly educational networked
simulations and networked games. |
For
example, see the interactive networked business strategy
simulation at http://www.netmike.com/ |
Students
can take courses simultaneously with students from other
nations and cultures |
For
example, read about Sharon Lightner's international accounting
course at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/255light.htm |
Students
can learn asynchronously using hypertext and hypermedia
navigations. |
See
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/255wp.htm |
Virtual
settings for learning are increasingly more realistic in terms
of images and databases |
|
Providers
of training and education have reduced geographic or other
monopoly powers. They must face up to increasingly stiff
international online sources of training and education. |
See
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/crossborder.htm |
Web courses are more efficient
for students. |
Texas A&M, in partnership with Monterrey
Tech, deliver an ALN Web MBA Program in Mexico City.
According to John Parnell,
what did Mexico City students claim was the main advantage of
the online MBA from Texas A&M?
|
Students
have greater access to training and education at the time and
place where they need it at the moment and across their entire
lives. |
JITT = Just in Time Training
Dial-Up Knowledge
Knowledge Portals & Vortals
|
|
|
|
A summary of the many disadvantages as
well as advantages of education technologies --- http://www.trinity.edu/~rjensen/245ch02.htm
For a summary of the Dark Side, see
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/theworry.htm
Lifelong Learning and
Training Choices of the Future
- shorter, often expensive,
courses offered by new providers versus the more established
reputation of traditional institutions;
- credit versus non-credit
professional development education and training; and
- ‘just-in-case’ education
versus ‘just-in-time’ training.
Cunningham, et al. (2000)
The Business of Borderless Education (Australian Department of
Education, Evaluations and Investigations Programme of the Higher
Education Division, 2000). Hard Copy ISBN 0 642 44446 3 and Online Copy
ISBN 0 642 44447 1 --- http://www.detya.gov.au/archive/highered/eippubs/eip00_3/bbe.pdf
(p. xiii) |
Wow Article of
the Week in the December 3, 2001 Edition of New
Bookmarks
Note from Bob Jensen: This
demonstrates the growth of distance education and then questions some of the
pedagogy.
"A Virtual Revolution:
Trends in the Expansion of Distance Education," by Thomas J. Kriger, USDLA
Journal (a refereed journal of the United States Distance Learning
Association," November 2001 --- http://www.usdla.org/ED_magazine/illuminactive/NOV01_Issue/article02.html
This report describes
four major trends leading the growth of distance education. The purpose is not
to cover every provider but to draw a picture of the types of organizational
structures and educational activities that are on the rise. These include:
- Existing higher
education institutions that have or are developing distance education
programs, such as e-Cornell, NYU Online, the University of Illinois
On-line; University of Maryland University College, Rio Salado Community
College, the SUNY Learning Network and Virtual Temple;
- Full virtual
universities, such as the University of Phoenix Online, Western Governors
University, Andrew Jackson University, Cappella University, Jones
International University, Kennedy-Warren University;
- Corporate
university or training institutions, such as the members of Corporate
University Xchange and Click2learn.
Corporate-university
joint ventures. those that provide course management systems such as
Blackboard, Campus Pipeline, eCollege and Web CT, as well as those who package
and distribute courses or content from existing institutions such as UNext.com,
Cenquest, Fathom, Global Education Network, Quisic and Universitas 21;
What do we learn from
these descriptions? First, we learn that the variety of new ways to organize
DE and reach new students is enormous, as is the talent that can be brought to
bear in making education attractive in the new medium. But we also find that the
way distance education is being organized and conducted often poses
serious questions.
Much of the distance
education under study here, whether non-profit or for-profit, is built on
corporate ideas about consumer focus, product standardization, tight personnel
control and cost effectiveness (maximizing course taking while minimizing the
"inputs" of faculty and development time). These concepts are
contrary to the traditional model of higher education decision-making which
emphasizes faculty independence in teaching and research, academic control of
the curriculum, academic freedom in the classroom and collegial
decision-making.
While traditional
practices are not sacrosanct, academic decision making processes have been
very successful in producing quality higher education the best in the world.
Our concern is that some of the new trends and practices described in this
report may inhibit rather than promote good education. A number of specific
concerns arose:
- Education based
primarily on the marketplace and the model of "student as
customer" is too narrow. Student and industry preferences certainly
matter in designing curricula, but if pleasing the customer is the pre-eminent
value, there is a real danger that the curriculum will not be coherent,
rigorous enough or broad enough to meet the student's long-term interests.
- A central
characteristic of many DE providers is to "unbundle" the faculty
role so that different specialists develop the curriculum, teach the
course, evaluate student performance, etc. This allows for greater
standardization but it may not add up to better education.
- Standardization of
coursework also inhibits students from being exposed to the diverse views
of different faculty members with varying knowledge and perspectives. This
diversity is important in enabling students to hone their own ideas and
knowledge.
- Some programs
exhibited an inclination to increase class size as a means of increasing
the financial output of a course. The only proper consideration in fixing
class size is to maintain the best level to facilitate learning.
- Some programs rely
too heavily on testing for individual "outcomes" and
"competencies" while downgrading the importance of class time
and social interaction in developing deep knowledge about a subject. Along
the same lines, distance education providers too often dismiss the
importance of same-time same-place interaction rather than building it
into their programs whenever possible.
It is appropriate,
indeed essential, to present information for the DE marketplace in an
attractive, computer-friendly fashion. But over-attention to drawing
"customers" may result in technology driving the way teaching is
conducted-leading, for example, to models centered around bite-size,
"point and click" accumulations of facts rather than a more
reflective, less easily measured search for knowledge.
In the year 2000, AFT
published Distance Education: Guidelines for Good Practice. The guidelines lay
out 14 specific standards which, if observed, ensure high quality distance
education. (A synopsis of the guidelines appears in the report's conclusion.)
The guidelines advance AFT's belief that broad academic content, high
standards, personal interaction and professional control are the key elements
of educational quality. College faculty must insist on sound practice based on
a broad vision of education-one that recognizes education is about more than
facts, more than competencies, more than career ambitions.
Education, among
other things, is about broadening intellectual horizons, relying on facts and
reason when confronting life issues and learning to listen to others and
defend ideas by the force of argument. That is why education is the foundation
of a working democracy. Because distance education is ubiquitous and offers so
much promise, faculty are obligated to carry the banner for quality and good
practice while recognizing that this will sometimes require challenging
current trends and practices
Continued at http://www.usdla.org/ED_magazine/illuminactive/NOV01_Issue/article02.html
Bob Jensen's documents on distance
education are at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/0000start.htm
In particular, a related article on
"The Dark Side" of distance education is provided at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/theworry.htm
Online Pedagogy at the University of
Phoenix
Phoenix faculty work
in a highly structured environment. Course facilitators in traditional classes
are forbidden to lecture. Faculty are, instead, expected to closely follow
Phoenix's "teaching/ learning model," which begins with course
syllabi and detailed teaching modules developed by fulltime faculty on the
main campus. In this way, faculty responsibilities are broken down into a
series of discrete steps, such as when course development is detached from
teaching. Phoenix course modules "include guidelines for weekly
assignments, group activities and grading." Some course modules
contain classroom time-management guidelines broken down into 15-minute
intervals.
Phoenix defends its
practice of using these restrictive guidelines in the name of standardization.
The university's online catalog declares: "The standardized curriculum
for each degree program provides students with specified levels of knowledge
and skills regardless of the delivery method or classroom location."
Critics argue,
however, that Phoenix's course modules violate academic freedom because they
don't allow faculty members sufficient discretion. Milton R. Blood, managing
director of the American Assembly of the Collegiate Schools of Business, has
characterized Phoenix's standardized curriculum as "McEducation." He
explained, "It's a redefinition of how we go about delivering higher
education. The question is whether it's really higher education when it's
delivered in a franchised way."
Thomas J. Kriger, quoted from the Wow
Article of the Week cited above.
More from Kriger's article cited
above:
Table 1
A Sampling of
Colleges and Universities that Offer
Online/Distance Education Programs
|
Institution
|
Characteristics
|
Number and
Type of DE Programs
|
DE Enrollment
|
Accreditation
|
e-Cornell
|
For-profit
spin off; no courses offered yet
|
Will offer
certificates, not degree programs
|
NA
|
Not
accredited as a separate entity
|
NYU Online
|
For Profit
spin off primarily for corporate market
|
Two graduate;
many corporate programs
|
166 (in
graduate programs)
|
Not
accredited as a separate entity
|
University of
Illinois Online
|
Umbrella
Organization for different U. of Illinois campuses
|
One
professional degree; 10 master's, bachelor's completion program
|
6,000 courses
taken online
|
North Central
|
University of
Maryland University College
|
Claims online
program is world's largest online university
|
12 bachelor;
10 graduate
|
7,955; UMUC
now claims enrollment of 40,000
|
Middle States
|
Rio Saldo
Community College
|
One of the
first and largest online community college programs
|
Six associate
degrees; 12 certificate
|
200 onpine
courses, 8,000 students per semester
|
North Central
|
SUNY Learning
Network
|
One of the
three largest DE programs in the country (with Phoenix and UMUC)
|
1,500 courses
from Accounting to Web design
|
Approximately
10,000 course enrollments per semester
|
Middle States
|
Virtual
Temple
|
For profit
spin off; no courses offered yet
|
NA
|
NA
|
Not
accredited as a separate entity
|
* Figures for
1999-2000, US Department of Education, Report to Congress on the
Distance Education Demonstration Programs, January 2001. Other
statistics reported directly by institutions.
|
Rio Salado Community
College (Table 1) offers one of the largest distance education programs at the
community college level. One of 10 separate institutions in the huge
(9,000-plus square miles) Maricopa Community College District in the greater
Phoenix area, Rio Salado was founded in 1978 as a center for adult education.
With no central campus, this self-described "college without
boundaries" originally offered courses in high schools, libraries and
community centers in the Phoenix area. In 1996, Rio Salado began to add online
programs to its extensive menu of distance learning courses and training
programs. Today, Rio Salado delivers 80 percent of its general education
courses via the Internet or other DE technologies. New course selections at
Rio begin every two weeks and students can study at their own pace, which
offers flexibility for working adults.[9] Rio Salado employs 18 full-time
faculty and 600 part-timers, and every faculty member is required to teach at
least one online course.
The faculty role at
Rio Salado is "unbundled," or broken down into a series of discrete
tasks. Design teams-which include a technical trainer, an editor, a
proofreader, and Web and content specialists create a curriculum and
standardized courses that are taught primarily by adjunct faculty.
Rio Salado College is
one of a handful of U.S. institutions that participate in the Pew Learning and
Technology Program's Grant Program in Course Redesign. This program was based
upon ideas found in the National Learning Infrastructure Initiative, in which
modular, online exercises, tutorials and quizzes would replace more expensive
direct contact with actual faculty in high enrollment introductory courses.
Links to these and many other online
programs can be found at the following sites:
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/updateee.htm
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/crossborder.htm
More from Kriger's article cited above:
Table 3
Corporate-University
Joint Ventures:
Hybrid Course or Content Providers
|
Institution
|
Characteristics
|
Number and
Type of DE Programs
|
Affiliations
|
Accreditation
|
Cardean
University / Unext.com
|
Create
courses in collaboration with prestigious business schools;
problem-solving based curriculum
|
MBA Programs
and 80 courses offered
|
Columbia,
Chicago, Stanford, Carnegie Mellon, and the London School of Economics
|
DETC
|
Cenquest
|
Offers
graduate business degrees and training
|
1 certificate
2 Master's program
|
Partnered
with Babson, U. of Texas, Oregon Institute, Adelaide University,
Monterey Institute of Technology
|
No
|
Fathom
|
Columbia's
for-profit spin-off; niche is to provide high-quality content, courses
to include arts and humanities
|
600 courses
listed; 75,000 registered users; several hundred students enrolled in
online courses
|
13 member
institutions including U. of Chicago, American Film Institute, London
School of Economics, NY Public Library
|
No
|
Global
Education Network
|
Brainchild of
Weilliams professor Mark Taylor and investment banker Herbert Allen;
trying to attract faculty with star power; will offer core curriculum
including arts and humanities
|
3 or 4
courses currently in development;
no degree programs available
|
Corses by
individual faculty from Williams, Wellesley, Brown, Amherst, Yale
|
Seeking
accreditation
|
Quisic
(formerly University Access)
|
Offers
undergraduate, graduate business courses, training; original focus
undergraduate DE
|
Clients
incoluding Cisco, United, Citigroup, Lexus, IBM
|
200 corporate
clients; university partners indlude Dartmouth, London School of
Economics, North Carolina, USC
|
No
|
Universitas
21
|
Global
network of 18 institutions; joint venture with Thompson Learning
|
In planning
stages
|
Seeking U.S.
institutional participants
|
No
|
Beginning with
specialized business courses in the summer of 1999, today Cardean offers a
complete online MBA and a total menu of almost 100 courses. Masters courses,
which require 25 to 30 hours, cost $500 each. Shorter quantum courses, each
requiring two to three hours, are priced at five for $380. Teaching at Cardean
is unbundled, with "senior" faculty planning the curriculum,
"advisory" faculty counseling students and supervising adjuncts, and
"adjunct" faculty members working with students by grading
assignments, answering e-mail and directing online discussions.
Another ambitious
online joint venture is Global Education Network (GEN) (Table 3), the product
of an alliance between Williams College humanities professor Mark Taylor and
investment banker Herbert Alan Jr. As with Fathom, GEN is one of the few
for-profit DE providers committed
to bringing the
"soft" subjects of the humanities online. GEN, in fact, plans to
offer a full undergraduate core curriculum in a few years, with faculty drawn
from small, prestigious liberal arts colleges, which are not usually
associated with distance education. Not surprisingly, GEN markets itself as a
high-quality DE access point; currently on the Web site are courses from
individual faculty at Williams, Wellesley and Brown. The privately owned GEN
reportedly has institutional relationships with Wellesley, Brown and Duke,
although many other institutions-including Williams (Taylor's home campus)
have chosen not to affiliate with GEN. The main objection at Williams was that
associating with a DE provider would hurt its quality reputation.[21]
Other distance
education joint ventures-some with significant outside funding-are attempting
to capture the estimated $4 billion that corporations spend each year on DE
training for their employees.[22] Founded in 1997, Cenquest (Table 3) offers
business courses and graduate degree programs in partnership with a number of
university MBA programs. Cenquest's original affiliates were the Oregon
Graduate Institute of Science and Technology and the University of Texas at
Austin.
Working with these
institutions, Cenquest adapts their courses for the DE market by dividing them
into shorter units, which are then offered on a rolling schedule either for
individual applications or degree and certificate programs such as accounting,
which are more readily standardized and modularized. In December 2000,
Cenquest affiliated with the prestigious Babson College to provide an MBA
program to Intel employees. Cenquest has been successful in attracting venture
capital. It began offering DE courses, which now number over 100, in 1998.
Update from Bob Jensen:
I
think Quisic abandoned all or most of its college courses. You can read
more about Cardian and listen to some of its faculty discuss course development
and delivery from my August 2001 workshop in Atlanta --- http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/001cpe/01start.htm
Table 4 (from the Wow Article of the Week above)
Virtual Universities
|
Institution
|
Characteristics
|
Number and Type of DE Programs
|
DE
Enrollment
|
Accreditation
|
Andrew Jackson University
|
Correspondence school offering
textbook study
|
3 bachelor's
3 graduate
|
400-450
|
DETC
|
Capella University
|
Offers traditional courses and
corporate training; partners include Honeywell, Lawson Software
|
36 certificate
1 bachelor's
11 graduate
|
1.049*
|
North Central
|
Jones International University
|
First fully accredited online
university
|
21 certificate
1 bachelor's
2 graduate
|
1,500
|
North Central
|
Kennedy-Western University
|
Markets to "mid-career
professionals"
|
13 bachelor's
12 graduate
12 Ph.D.
|
23,000
|
Not regionally accredited;
licensed by Wyoming State Dept of Ed
|
University of Phoenix Online
|
Fastest growing for-profit
university; now 25% online
|
8 bachelor's
10 master's
1 Ph.D.; certificate programs under development
|
18,500
|
|
Western Governor's University
|
Private university offering
menu of courses from other institutions and corporations
|
3 certificate;
4 bachelor's
1 graduate
|
208*
|
|
* Figures for 1999-2000, U.S.
Department of Education, Report to Congress on the Distance Education
Demonstration Programs, January 2001. Other statistics reported
directly by institutions.
|
A typical undergraduate course at
Phoenix lasts five weeks; graduate courses are six weeks. Students attend one
four-hour "workshop" per week or meet for longer sessions on alternate
weekends. Students also take classes sequentially-one at a time-so they can
better focus on the subject matter while working full-time. An additional
requirement is that students work in teams. As Phoenix's online catalog
explains,
The university organizes each class
into problem-solving teams of the type employed successfully in business and
industry. Thus, in addition to the development of intellectual and technical
knowledge, the student is able to grow emotionally so that the potential for
practical application of knowledge and skill is optimized.[26]
An estimated 90 percent of Phoenix
faculty (both online and classroom) teach part-time. At its Northern California
brick-and-mortar campus, Phoenix employs 20 full-time faculty and 550
part-timers. These part-time "facilitators," as they are called, must
possess a graduate degree from a regionally accredited institution and must work
full-time in a field related to the courses they teach.
Links to these and many other online
programs can be found at the following sites:
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/updateee.htm
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/crossborder.htm
Quotations on the Dark Side from Kriger's article can be
found at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/theworry.htm
Internet Companies Directory
(A Partial Listing)
COMPANY |
DESCRIPTION |
URL |
e-Retail
(consumer products and services) |
1-800 Contacts |
Contact lenses |
http://www.1800contacts.com/ |
Alloy Online |
Goods for teens |
http://www.alloy.com/ |
Amazon.com |
Books, music,
electronics |
http://www.amazon.com |
Autobytel.com |
New, used car guide |
http://www.autobytel.com/ |
Barnesandnoble.com |
Books, music |
http://www.barnesandnoble.com/ |
Drugstore.com |
Medical products |
http://www.drugstore.com/ |
eBay |
Auctions |
http://www.ebay.com/ |
Egghead.com |
Computer products |
http://www.egghead.com/ |
Expedia |
Travel planning |
http://www.expedia.com/ |
Hotel Reservations
Network |
Discounted hotel rooms |
http://www.180096hotel.com/ |
Priceline.com |
Travel reservations |
http://www.priceline.com/ |
Stamps.com |
Postage |
http://www.stamps.com/ |
Ticketmaster |
Guides, tickets |
http://www.ticketmaster.com/ |
Travelocity.com |
Travel reservations |
http://www.travelocity.com/ |
e-Finance
(banks, brokerages and credit companies) |
Ameritrade |
Securities broker |
http://www.ameritrade.com/ |
Charles Schwab |
Securities broker |
http://www.schwab.com/ |
CSFBdirect |
Securities broker |
http://www.csfbdirect.com/ |
E-Trade |
Securities broker |
http://www.etrade.com |
IndyMac Bancorp |
Mortgage lender |
http://www.indymacbank.com/ |
Intuit |
Personal finance info |
http://www.intuit.com/ |
NetBank |
Consumer banking |
http://www.gefn-compubank.com/ |
NextCard |
Consumer credit |
http://www.nextcard.com |
TD Warehouse |
Securities broker |
http://www.tdwaterhouse.com/ |
Wit SoundView |
Securities broker |
http://www.witsoundview.com/ |
e-New
Media (advertising/subscription-supported media) |
AOL Time Warner |
Consumer content |
http://www.aoltimewarner.com/ |
Ask Jeeves |
Search engine |
http://www.ask.com/ |
Cnet Networks |
Technology content |
http://www.cnet.com/ |
HomeStore.com |
Real estate content |
http://www.homestore.com/ |
HotJobs.com |
Career content |
http://www.hotjobs.com/ |
InfoSpace |
Wireless content |
http://infospace.com/ |
MarketWatch.com |
Financial content |
http://cbs.marketwatch.com/ |
McAfee.com |
Computer protection |
http://mcafee.com/ |
MP3.com |
Music content |
http://www.mp3.com/ |
Multex.com |
Financial content |
http://www.multexusa.com/ |
NBC Internet |
Consumer content |
http://www.nbci.com/ |
SportsLine.com |
Sports content |
http://sportsline.com/ |
Terra Lycos |
Consumer content |
http://www.terralycos.com/ |
TheStreet.com |
Financial content |
http://www.thestreet.com/ |
Apollo Group U of
Phoenix Online |
Education content |
http://www.ipopros.com/histdeal_pla.asp?deal=2285 |
Yahoo |
Web guide |
http://www.yahoo.com/ |
e-Access
providers (connections to the Internet) |
Aether Systems |
Wireless Internet
access |
http://www.aethersystems.com/ |
Excite At Home |
Internet access |
http://www.excite.com/ |
EarthLink |
Internet access |
http://www.earthlink.net/ |
Juno Online Services |
Internet access |
http://www.juno.com |
Metricom |
Wireless Internet
access |
http://www.metricom.com/
IMPORTANT NOTICE:
Please be advised that Metricom has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection. |
NetZero |
Internet access |
http://www.netzero.net/ |
Prodigy Communications |
Internet access |
http://www.prodigy.com/ |
RCN |
Internet access |
http://www.rcn.com/ |
Research in Motion |
Wireless Internet
access |
http://www.rim.net/ |
WorldGate
Communications |
Internet access |
http://www.wgate.com |
Dr Jensen,
In your internet access directory you have listed e-Access
providers - none of these providers offer managed services...i.e. a
place to safely house your servers and storage with both physical and
internet security provided in addition to system administration services
and storage and backup services. If you ever add these to your listing
please consider including us, S4R ( www.s4r.com
) - we provide these services at the best prices around and give the
best service!
Thank you.
Jennie Enholm | S4R (760)804-8004 x113
|
e-Learning
providers (corporate) For more details go to
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/0000start.htm |
Caliber |
Training and executive
dev. |
http://www.caliber.com/ |
Pensare |
Executive development with plans for degree programs in
partnership with prestige universities |
http://www.pensare.com/ |
UNext |
Executive development and for-credit programs through
UNext's Cardean
University and in partnership with prestige universities |
http://www.unext.com/ |
Smart Force |
Executive development |
http://www.smartforce.com/ |
Quisic |
Content development, executive development, and for-credit
courses |
http://www.quisic.com/
(Formerly called University Access) |
Headlight (From CyberU) |
Recreational learners and an online small business training
center |
http://www.cyberu.com/training/headlight/index.asp |
OnlineLearning.net |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses |
http://www.onlinelearning.net/ |
University of Maryland University College |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses |
http://www.umuc.edu/ |
Fathom (headed by Columbia University in conjunction with
many prestigious partners) |
A huge knowledge portal that offers over 600 courses |
http://www.fathom.com/index.jhtml |
New York University Online |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses |
http://i5.nyu.edu/~jmm282/nyupage.html |
University of Phoenix |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses
(The largest accredited private university in the world.) |
http://www.phoenix.edu/index_open.html |
The Kaplan Colleges |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses
(including the online Concord School of Law) |
http://www.kaplancollege.com/ |
Sylvan Learning Systems |
Training and executive development and for-credit courses
(and testing centers) |
http://tutoring.sylvanlearning.com/ |
Intellnex from Ernst & Young (the first Big 5 accounting
firm university) |
Training and executive development |
http://www.intellinex.com/flash/index.htm |
(Note that most prestige universities have
already or are forming private corporations for online delivery of
training, executive development, and for-credit courses) |
For links to Internet Libraries, go to
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/searchh.htm#Librarian'sIndex |
Many
other corporate providers are discussed in a book that can be downloaded
free:
The Business of Borderless Education, by S.C. Cunningham, et al.,
(Australian Department of Education, Evaluations and Investigations
Programme of the Higher Education Division, 2000). Hard Copy ISBN 0
642 44446 3 and Online Copy ISBN 0 642 44447 1 --- http://www.detya.gov.au/archive/highered/eippubs/eip00_3/bbe.pdf |
Bob Jensen's documents on e-Learning are available free at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/000aaa/0000start.htm
Bob Jensen's other bookmarks are at
http://faculty.trinity.edu/rjensen/bookbob.htm
You can download
(for free) nearly six hours of MP3 audio and the PowerPoint presentation slides
of one of the best education technology workshops that I ever organized.
This was the pre-convention workshop that I organized for the American
Accounting Association, August 12, 2000 in Philadelphia. The speakers,
topics, and download instructions are given at http://www.cs.trinity.edu/~rjensen/000cpe/00start.htm
Workshop Title
Innovative Learning Programs for Accounting and Business: the Ivy League
Goes Online, the Sloan Foundation Experiments in Asynchronous Learning, and
Experiments in Self-Learning at Major Universities Using the BAM Pedagogy